St.
Bernard (c.1090-1153) with a group of monks founded the monastery of
Clairvaux, which he directed until his death. He played an essential part
in developing the cult of the Virgin, toward whom his devotion was particularly
strong.
A reforming prelate, a theologian, and author of numerous books, an
abbot who rejected both wealth and images, St. Bernard is the most important
ecclesiastical figure of the 12th century. His authority was recognized
in all Christendom, and he was very often an arbiter between opposing faction
in their disputes.
In fine art he is depicted in a white habit; some other attributes,
illustrating different episodes of his life, such as a white dog, a chained
demon, a book, a mitre on the ground, a beehive or a swam of bees can also
be present.
St. Bernard's cult began unofficially during his lifetime. He was formally
canonized in 1174 and nominated a Doctor of the Church in 1830.
Feast day: 20 August.
See: Fra Bartolommeo The
Vision of St. Bernard.
Filippino Lippi The
Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard, Madonna
and Child Enthroned with St. John the Baptist, St. Victor, St. Bernard
and St. Zenobius ("Altarpiece of the Otto di Pratica").
Fra Filippo Lippi The
Adoration, with the Infant Baptist and St. Bernard.
Pietro Perugino The
Vision of St. Bernard.
Recommended reading:
A
Retreat With Benedict and Bernard: Seeking God Alone-- Together (Retreat
With-- Series) by Linus Mundy. St Anthony Messenger Press,
1998.
Bernard
of Clairvaux (Great Medieval Thinkers) by Gillian R. Evans.
Oxford University Press, 2000.
Bernard
of Clairvaux: Essential Writings by Dennis E. Tamburello, John
Farina. Crossroad/Herder & Herder, 2000.
Bernard
of Clairvaux: Selected Works (Classics of Western Spirituality)
by G. R. Evans (Translator), Ewert Cousins (Designer), Bernard of Clairvaux.
Paulist Press, 1988.
Your
Saint Bernard by Marian J. Sharp. Denlinger's Publishers, Ltd.,
1978.