Federico II Gonzaga (1523-1540) was the son of the Margrave of Mantua, Francesco II and Isabella d'Este, who was widely celebrated for her beauty and love of art. He spent his childhood as a hostage at the courts of the German emperor Maximilian I, the French king
Francis I and the Pope. In 1529 he succeeded his father as the ruler of Mantua. One year later he was made a duke by
Emperor Charles V. Like his mother he was knowledgeable and cultivated patron of the arts