Jusepe
de Rivera was born in Játiba, near Valencia, where he was probably
trained by Francisco Ribalta (1565-1628). In 1612-1613, Rivera left for
Italy, where he led the life of a half-beggar, constantly traveling throughout
the country. During his travels to Parma, Padua and Rome, Rivera became
acquainted with the works of Raphael,
Correggio,
Titian and Veronese.
In 1616, he settled in Naples, then owned by Spain, and developed a style,
which owed much to Caravaggio.
In Naples, Ribera became a painter to the Spanish Viceroy and later to
his successor, the Duke of Monterrey, who procured commissions from the
Augustine monastery in Salamanca (Nativity, Pietà, The Virgin
with Saints Anthony and Augustine. 1631-1635).
He subsequently abandoned the dark and somber style, finding new ways of
treating light and using brilliant colors. His Boy
with a Clubfoot is typical of his more mature style, both thematically
and in terms of pictorial composition. During this period of realism he
had a leaning towards harrowing subjects, the crippled and malformed.
Ribera spawned a school of his own. Italian, Spanish and Flemish painters
were engaged in his workshop, and while Rivera was of particular importance
to Neapolitan art, great painters, such as Rembrandt
and Velásquez, also
found him an inspiration.
Died in Naples in 1652.
Note
Archimedes (c. 287-212 BC) Greek mathematician,
born in Syracuse, the most celebrated of ancient mathematicians and one
of the most intellectually powerful mathematicians of all time. He discovered
the formulae for the area and volumes of spheres, cylinders, parabolas,
and other plane and solid figures. He founded the science of hydrostatics,
studying the equilibrium positions of floating bodies of various shapes.
His astronomical work is lost. Many of his works survived only in Arabic
translation. He was killed at the siege of Syracuse by a Roman soldier,
whose challenge he ignored being absorbed in a mathematical problem.
Bibliography:
Jusepe Ribera. by T. Znamerovskaya. Moscow. 1981.
Painting of Europe. XIII-XX centuries. Encyclopedic Dictionary.
Moscow. Iskusstvo. 1999.
Jusepe De Ribera: 1591-1652 by Michael Scholz-Hansel. Konemann,2001.
Jusepe
de Ribera 1591-1652 by Alfonso E. Perez Sanchez. Yale Univ
Pr, 1992.
Jusepe
De Ribera by Michael Scholz Hansel. Konemann, 2001.
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