Marc Chagall (1887-1985) was a Russian-Jewish painter of the 20th Century and one of the best known representatives of the Russian Avant-Garde in the West. Chagall painted in a style all his own, combining elements of Expressionism, Symbolism, Cubism and, to a lesser degree, other Modernist art movements. A prolific and multi-faceted artist, Chagall left behind him thousands of works in many different techniques and media that have established him as one of the foremost artists of the 20th Century. His original name was Moshe or Moishe Shagal; "Moshe" is Hebrew for Moses, while "Shagal" is a variation of the common Jewish surname Segal or Seagal. In his papers, his name was russified by the authorities to Mark Zakharovich Shagalov. The name "Marc Chagall," by which the painter is best known, was adopted when the painter arrived in Paris and combined the "Mark" of his Russian name with the "Shagal" of his original name, and rendered it in the French spelling.
1914. Oil on cardboard. 30 x 26.5 cm. The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
c.1906. Oil, gouache, charcoal on cardboard. 67.5 x 50. The Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia.
1907. Oil on canvas. 72 x 92.5 cm. Private collection.
1908. Oil on canvas mounted on cardboard. 67 x 58. Private collection.
1908. Oil on canvas. 90 x 70 cm. Private collection.
1908. Oil on paper mounted on cardboard. 22.5 x 29. Private collection.
Oil on paper mounted on cardboard. 37 x 49. The Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia.
1909. Oil on canvas. 74 x 67 cm. Private collection.
1909. Oil on canvas. 68 x 97 cm. Foundation E.G. Bührle collection, Zurich, Switzerland.
1909-10. Oil on canvas. 57 x 48 cm. Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf, Germany.
1910. Oil on canvas. 81 x 45 cm. Galerie Rosengart, Lucerne, Switzerland.
1910. Oil on canvas. 65 x 89.5 cm. Kunsthaus, Zurich, Switzerland.
1910. Oil on canvas. 64 x 53.5 cm. Private collection.
1910. Oil on canvas. 62 x 51.5 cm. Private collection.
1910. Gouache on paper. 34 x 24. The Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia.
1911. Gouache on paper. 33.5 x 24 cm. Private collection.
1911. Gouache and pencil on cardboard. The Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia.
1911-12. Oil and powdered golf and silver on canvas. 200 x 189.9 cm. Stedelijk Van Abbe Museum, Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Read Note.
1911-12. Oil on canvas. 85 x 115 cm. Private collection.
1911-12. Oil on canvas 148 x 117.5 cm. Private collection.
Marc Chagall by Jacob Baal-Teshuva. Taschen, 2006.
Marc Chagall: The Lost Jewish World by Benjamin Harshav. Rizzoli, 2006.
Chagall: A Retrospective by Marc Chagall, Jacob Baal-Teshuva. Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1995.
Marc Chagall and His Times: A Documentary Narrative (Contraversions: Jews and Other Differen) by Benjamin Harshav. Stanford University Press, 2003.