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Feodor
(Fidelio) Bruni was born in Milan, Italy, into the family of Antonio
Bruni (1767-1825), painter and sculptor. In 1807 Antonio Bruni,
taking
all his family, moved to Russia, where he stayed and worked until his
death.
In St. Petersburg the name Antonio was russified to Anton Osipovich
Bruni,
you can see his self-portrait here. His
son
Fidelio, russified as Feodor Antonivich, made a serious career in
Russia.
Already in 1809 little Feodor was admitted to the school of the Academy
of Arts; then he studied in the Academy in the studio of professors A.
E. Yegorov and V. K. Shebuyev, and graduated in 1818. In 1820 by the
invitation
of Princess Zinaida Volkonskaya, writer and patroness of arts, he went
to Italy. Death of Camilla, Sister of
Horatio
brought him his first success. In this work, fulfilled in the tradition
of classicism, there are some traits of romanticism. Especially close
to
romanticism were his following works
Portrait
of Princess Zinaida Volkonskaya in a Costume of Tankred
(1820-22),
Bacchante
Giving Wine to Cupid. (1828). Bruni could have chosen the
new
trend of romanticism in art, but he preferred to remain on the
positions
of classicism. The professional skills of the young artist were highly
appreciated and he got commissions from the Academy for copying frescos
by Raphael in the Vatican.
Simultaneously
he started work on his own big painting on the subject of The
Brazen
Dragon.
In 1836 he returned to St. Petersburg, where he and Karl
Brulloff were appointed the professors of the Academy.
In 1837 Bruni executed the portrait of Alexander
Pushkin in the Coffin, which was multiplied in lithographs
and became widely popular. In 1838 Bruni returned to Italy to continue
his work on The Brazen Dragon. The finished painting was
brought to St. Petersburg in 1841. The skill of the master, who had
managed
to build expressive composition with multiple figured on a large canvas
(565x852 cm), was evident. The picture had big success and was bought
for
the Hermitage. Nevertheless the painting belonged to yesterday, to the
degenerating academism, which fatally determined the dying of Bruni’s
big
talent.
The artist’s career went on; he received big commissions for the
frescos
in the Isaac Cathedral (Isaakievsky Cathedral) in St. Petersburg. By
1845
he completed all 25 of the commissioned cardboards, executed several of
the frescos himself, and he supervised the carrying out of all the rest
frescos. In 1855 Bruni became the Rector of the Academy and gradually
dropped
painting. Being an ardent champion of academic principles in art he
became
less and less popular among the students and democratic-minded
professors.
In 1871 he left the Academy and his last years spent in full isolation.
Notes
Bacchante giving wine to Eros. Bacchante was evidently sat by Angelica Serni, a girl from a well-to-do Italian family, who became Bruni’s wife in 1835. Bruni wanted to send the painting to the Capitol exhibition, but either the protests of the girl’s family, or some other reasons, prevented him from doing this. More.
Death of Camilla, Sister of Horatio. The episode from the early history of Rome, described by Livy. A quarrel between Rome and Alba was going to lead to war. And it was agreed between the two people to settle the issue by combat between three representatives from each side. Three brothers, the Horatii, were to fight on the Roman side and three other brothers, the Curatii, were to fight on the side of Alba. At the end of the battle only one Horatius survived, and Rome was declared the victor. But Horacius discovered that his sister had been betrothed to one of Curatii, and he slew her. He was tried, found guilty, but reprieved after an appeal by his father.
Bibliography:
Russian Historical Painting. by M. Rakova. Moscow. Iskusstvo.
1979.
Paintings of the 18th-early 20th centuries from the Reserves of
the Russian Museum. by K. Mikhailova and G. Smirnov. Leningrad.
1982.